Resisting social influence: social support

Asch's (1951) study showcases the strength of social influence through conformity and his variations provide an understanding of how the size of a group, level of agreement, and task complexity can impact the influence of the majority. On the other hand, Milgram's (1963) research sheds light on our vulnerability to following orders, and his variations illustrate the various factors that can increase or decrease our obedience.

Following Asch and Milgram's research, psychologists have explored the reasons for resisting social influence, including our ability to withstand conformity or obedience pressure, such as social support and locus of control.

SOCIAL SUPPORT

One way people can resist social influence is by having an ally who supports their perspective. This support can enhance their confidence and enable them to maintain their independence. Having an ally can also reduce the fear of being ridiculed and enable individuals to avoid normative social influence. Additionally, individuals who have support for their point of view are less likely to obey orders, and they feel more empowered to resist pressure if another person is present who also refuses to comply.

EVALUATING SOCIAL SUPPORT

RESEARCH SUPPORT (CONFORMITY): Research has shown that social support can reduce the pressure to conform. In one of Asch's (1951) variations, a confederate was instructed to give the correct answer consistently, resulting in a conformity rate of only 5%. This indicates that having support for one's own beliefs through social support increases the likelihood of resisting the pressure to conform. Thus, social support diminishes the influence of the group, making it easier for individuals to express independent behaviour.

RESEARCH SUPPORT (OBEDIENCE): Research conducted by Milgram (1974) provides evidence for the effectiveness of social support in reducing obedience to authority. In one variation of Milgram's study, the participant was paired with two additional confederates who played the role of teachers, just like the participant. In this variation, the two additional confederates refused to continue the experiment and withdrew early. As a result, the percentage of real participants who proceeded to the maximum voltage of 450 volts decreased significantly from 65% (in the original study) to 10%. This finding suggests that having support from others who share the same desire to disobey can reduce the pressure to obey an authority figure.